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This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia\'s quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. (August 2007) |
An MP3 CD player (Philips Expanium)
More commonly referred to as an MP3 player, a digital audio player ("DAP") is a portable consumer electronics device that stores, organizes and plays audio files. Some DAPs are also referred as portable media players as they have image-viewing and/or video-playing support. Most DAPs are powered by rechargeable batteries, some of which are not user replaceable. Listening to music stored on DAPs is typically through earphones connected with a 3.5 mm jack.
Digital audio players are generally categorized by storage media:
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The predecessors to digital audio players are portable CD and MiniDisc players, which are commonly known as "Portable Audio Devices". Although the data is digitally stored on discs, neither one is able to support digital file formats.
The first mass-produced DAP was created in 1997 by SaeHan Information Systems, which domestically sold its “MPMan” player in the middle of 1998.Van Buskirk, Eliot. Introducing the world\'s first MP3 player. CNET. The South Korean company then licensed the players to Eiger Labs which distributed them - now branded as Eiger Labs MPMan F10 - to the North American market during the summer of 1998.MP3 Players - The Basics and History. The flash-based players were available in 32 MB storage capacity.
The Rio PMP300 from Diamond Multimedia was introduced in September 1998, a few months after the MPMan. It was a success during the holiday season, with sales exceeding expectations.Menta, Richard. Collecting MP3 Portables -- Part 1. Antique Radio Classified. Interest and investment in digital music were subsequently spurred from it.Harmony Central (1998-09-14). "Diamond Multimedia Announces Rio PMP300 Portable MP3 Music Player". Press release. Retrieved on 2007-12-05. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) soon filed a lawsuit,RIAA v. Diamond, official documentation. (9h Cir. 1999-06-15). alleging that the device encouraged copying music illegally, but Diamond won a legal victory on the shoulders of the Sony Corp. v. Universal City Studios case and DAPs were legally ruled as electronic devices.Gross, Robin D. Court Gives "Go-Ahead" to Digital Music Revolution. Virtual Recordings. Retrieved on 2007-12-05. Because of the player\'s notoriety as the target of a major lawsuit, the Rio is erroneously assumed to be the first DAP. "Bragging rights to the world\'s first MP3 player". - CNet.com article on the first manufactured DAPs.
In 1998, Compaq made the first hard drive based DAP using a 2.5" laptop drive. It was licensed to HanGo Electronics (now known as Remote Solution), which first sold the PJB-100 (Personal Jukebox) in 1999. The player had an initial capacity of 4.8 GB, which was advertised to be able to hold 1200 songs.Yoshida, Junko; Margaret Quan. "OEMs ready to roll on jukeboxes for Net audio", EE Times, 2000-08-18, pp. 1. Retrieved on 2007-12-05.
In October 2001, Apple Computer (now known as Apple Inc.) unveiled the first generation iPod, the 5 GB hard drive based DAP with a 1.8" Toshiba drive. Having focused on developing an intuitive user interface, the smaller form factor and industrial design made the player notable within users of the Macintosh community. In July 2002, Apple introduced the second generation update to the iPod. It was compatible with Windows computers through Musicmatch Jukebox (now known as Y!Music Musicmatch Jukebox). The iPod series, which grew to include microdrive and flash-based players, has become the market leader in DAPs.
In 2002, Archos released the first official PMP, the Archos Jukebox Multimedia.Archos (2007-09-12). "ARCHOS Generation 5 Available Worldwide". Press release. Retrieved on 2007-12-05. Manufacturers have since implemented abilities to view images and play videos into their devices.
Although online music services such as RealNetworks’ Rhapsody offered legal downloads through a subscription plan, the launch of the iTunes Store in 2003 established the model of selling individual songs for purchase.
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This section does not cite any references or sources. (January 2008) Please improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. |
All commercially available digital audio players can play music that has been ripped from Compact Discs via computer. In addition to ripped CD tracks, many digital audio players can accept downloaded music from online music stores. However, such stores often use proprietary formats and DRM, which means that the tracks can only be played on suitably licensed and restricted devices. For example, purchased songs from iTunes might not work on any DAP other than an Apple iPod.
There are also music online communities such as GarageBand.com where music is available at no cost under Creative Commons licenses.
Another way of getting audio files is to rip the songs from radio broadcasts. Many players have the ability to record songs played on the built-in FM tuner. Recently, a Swedish company called PopCatcher has developed a technology to save songs from Internet radio and can distinguish between songs, DJ talks, and commercials for convenience.
MP3 is the dominant format, and is nearly universally supported.Bell, Donald (2004-10-25). Sony Network Walkman NW-HD1 (20GB) Review. CNET. Retrieved on 2007-12-12. The main alternative formats are AAC, supported on players from Apple, ATRAC, on players from Sony, and WMA, on players from Microsoft and partners. Unlike MP3, these formats support DRM restrictions, which are often added to files from paid download services. Open source formats which are completely patent-free are available but less widely supported – examples include Ogg Vorbis, FLAC, Speex, and Module file formats.
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This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. Please improve the article by adding references. See the talk page for details. (March 2008) |
While MP3 players and iPods are primarily tailored for music (and some for video as well), they can also serve as backup media and can be an alternative to buying stand-alone flash drives with them. However some models don\'t use file systems, and notable examples of them would be iPod Touch although other iPods have hidden song data on their file systems, and others use the Media Transfer Protocol which doesn\'t allow direct copy of ancillery data, however than can be circumvented by renaming files of other extentions (such as *.zip) to *.MP3 to allow ancillery data to be copied on them.
Although these issues aren\'t usually controversial within digital audio players, they are matters of continuing controversy and litigation, including but not limited to content distribution and protection, and digital rights management (DRM).
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